Introduction Testosterone is often recognized as the hormone primarily associated with male characteristics—strength, libido, and energy. However, its influence extends beyond these roles, playing an essential part in various physiological processes, including the digestive system. Low testosterone levels, known as

The digestive system is one of the most essential systems in the human body, responsible for breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, and eliminating waste. However, it does not function in isolation. It collaborates with various other systems to ensure that

The human digestive system is an intricate network that relies on the coordination of muscles, enzymes, and organs to process and absorb nutrients from food. One of the unsung heroes of this system is the sphincter—a circular muscle that acts