When symptoms don't respond to typical therapy, patients are considered to have refractory GERD. An alternative diagnosis can be pursued through testing including endoscopy, pH testing, and manometry. Non-acid reflux, acid hypersensitivity, motility disorder, food allergy, and functional heartburn are

For patients experiencing GERD, lifestyle modifications are the first treatment options to be considered. Diet changes are appropriate and patients who are obese are at higher risk for GERD. Individual triggers may differ but your physician might suggest sleeping on

The most common type of esophageal cancer in the U.S. is adenocarcinoma. The precursor lesion to adenocarcinoma is called Barrett's Esophagus. It is caused when the lining of the esophagus changes to mimic the stomach. Risk factors for Barrett's Esophagus